x

■Contents

4.13.3

The ovitraps

56

4.13.4

The Fay Prince trap

56

4.13.5

Precaution during human landing catch

57

4.14

MOSQUITO PRESERVATION, LABELING AND TRANSPORTATION

57

4.14.1

Preservation

57

4.14.2

Labeling

58

4.14.3

Mosquito identification

58

4.14.4

Dynamic and density of mosquito population

58

4.15

DATA PROCESSING AND FIELD EVALUATION OF MOSQUITO

BITES VIA HLC METHOD FOR TESTING REPELLENT TREATED

TEXTILES

58

4.15.1

Calculation for the efficacy

58

4.16

MOSQUITO LANDING RATES FOR THE EVALUATION OF

REPELLENT IMPREGNATED TEXTILES EFFICACY!

59

4.16.1

Mosquito biting activity

59

4.16.2

Main objectives

59

4.16.3

Study site

60

4.16.4

Technique used to measure the mosquito landing bites rates

60

4.16.4.1

Results from Divjake study site

61

4.16.4.2

Results from Durres study site

62

4.16.4.3

Results from the Darzeze, Fier study site

63

4.17

CONCLUSION

64

4.18

PROSPECTIVE FOR FUTURE STUDY

65

4.18.1

The protocol used to test the repellent treated t-shirts

65

Section II

Mathematical Modeling Immunity: An Overview

Chapter

5 ^■Models of Acquired Immunity to Malaria: A Review

69

Miracle Amadi*, Heikki Haario , and Gerry Killeen

5.1

INTRODUCTION

70

5.2

COMPLEX FACTORS OF ACQUIRED IMMUNITY AND THEIR

MODELING APPROACHES

73

5.2.1

Misleading binary view on malaria immunity

74

5.2.2

Functional immunity/clinical immunity

78

5.2.3

Unfounded assumptions about what protective efficacy of immu-

nity constitutes

79

5.2.3.1

Transmission-blocking immunity (TBI)

79

5.2.3.2

Increase in recovery rate/Decrease in infection duration

80